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Battle of Palikao
The Battle of Palikao ((フランス語:Le Combat de Palikao), ) was fought at the bridge of Palikao by Anglo-French forces against the Qing Empire during the Second Opium War on the morning of 21 September 1860. It allowed Western forces to take the capital Beijing and eventually defeat the Qing Empire.〔Mourre 1968, p. 500〕
==Background==
The Anglo French force had been trying for two years to get to Peking, in 1858 the signing of a peace treaty stopped the potential visit after capturing the Taku Forts that defended the river, which were returned to the Qing army. In 1859 an armed attempt to enter the river was stopped by barriers across the river that resulted in a dramatic defeat of the Anglo French forces when they tried to take the forts from the river direction.
Sailing from Hong Kong in July, the capture of the Taku Forts on 21 August 1860 had opened up the river route to Peking, the Chinese authorities at the fort had capitulated all 22 forts along the river as far as Tientsin, including that town.
The aim of the allied French-British expedition was to compel the Chinese government at Peking to observe the trade treaties signed between their governments at Tiajian (Tientsin) in 1858, which included allowing the British to continue the opium trade in China. Lieutenant General Sir Hope Grant〔''Grant, Sir James Hope'' in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition〕 was the British commander with Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao in charge of the French.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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